Hawthorne Studies Experiments - Iv Parts, Conclusions, Criticism

The Human Relations Movement began amongst the Hawthorne Experiments. They were conducted at Western Electrical Works inward USA, b/w 1924-1932.

Four Parts of Hawthorne Studies / Experiments

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Part I - Illumination Experiments (1924-27)

These experiments were performed to uncovering out the resultant of dissimilar levels of illumination (lighting) on productivity of blogspot.com//search?q=what-is-labour-and-labourer-meaning-and">labour. The brightness of the low-cal was increased as well as decreased to uncovering out the resultant on the productivity of the examination group. Surprisingly, the productivity increased fifty-fifty when the degree of illumination was decreased. It was concluded that factors other than low-cal were also important.

Part II - Relay Assembly Test Room Study (1927-1929)

Under these examination ii modest groups of vi woman mortal band relay assemblers were selected. Each grouping was kept inward dissever rooms. From fourth dimension to time, changes were made inward working hours, residual periods, tiffin breaks, etc. They were allowed to select their ain residual periods as well as to plough over suggestions. Output increased inward both the command rooms. It was concluded that social human relationship amid workers, participation inward blogspot.com//search?q=what-is-labour-and-labourer-meaning-and">decision-making, etc. had a greater resultant on productivity than working conditions.

Part III - Mass Interviewing Programme (1928-1930)

21,000 employees were interviewed over a menstruum of 3 years to uncovering out reasons for increased productivity. It was concluded that productivity tin endure increased if workers are allowed to utter freely well-nigh matters that are of import to them.

Part IV - Bank Wiring Observation Room Experiment (1932)

A grouping of fourteen manful mortal workers inward the depository fiscal establishment wiring room were placed nether observation for vi months. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 worker's pay depended on the functioning of the grouping equally a whole. The researchers idea that the efficient workers would set pressure level on the less efficient workers to consummate the work. However, it was found that the grouping established its ain standards of output, as well as social pressure level was used to make the standards of output.

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Conclusions of Hawthorne Studies / Experiments

The conclusions derived from the Hawthorne Studies were equally follows :-

1. The social as well as psychological factors are responsible for workers' productivity as well as labor satisfaction. Only skillful physical working atmospheric condition are non plenty to increment productivity.
2. The informal relations amid workers influence the workers' demeanor as well as functioning to a greater extent than than the formal relations inward the organisation.
3. Employees volition perform amend if they are allowed to participate inward decision-making affecting their interests.
4. Employees volition also move to a greater extent than efficiently, when they believe that the administration is interested inward their welfare.
5. When employees are treated amongst honor as well as dignity, their functioning volition improve.
6. Financial incentives lonely cannot increment the performance. Social as well as Psychological needs must also endure satisfied inward guild to increment productivity.
7. Good communication betwixt the superiors as well as subordinates tin improve the relations as well as the productivity of the subordinates.
8. Special attending as well as liberty to limited their views volition improve the functioning of the workers.

Criticism of Hawthorne Studies / Experiments

The Hawthorne Experiments are mainly criticised on the next grounds :-

1. Lacks Validity : The Hawthorne experiments were conducted nether controlled situations. These findings volition non move inward existent setting. The workers nether observation knew well-nigh the experiments. Therefore, they may convey improved their functioning solely for the experiments.
2. More Importance to Human Aspects : The Hawthorne experiments gives equally good much importance to human aspects. Human aspects lonely cannot improve production. Production also depends on technological as well as other factors.
3. More Emphasis on Group Decision-making : The Hawthorne experiments placed equally good much emphasis on grouping decision-making. In existent situation, private decision-making cannot endure totally neglected particularly when quick decisions are required as well as at that topographic point is no fourth dimension to consult others.
4. Over Importance to Freedom of Workers : The Hawthorne experiments gives a lot of importance to liberty of the workers. It does non plough over importance to the constructive usage of the supervisors. In reality equally good much of liberty to the workers tin lower downward their functioning or productivity.