Difference Betwixt Top Dog Together With Secondary Information Inwards Sixteen Points

Difference betwixt primary together with secondary data

The departure betwixt primary together with secondary information is every bit follows.

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Following points distinguish primary together with secondary data:

1. Meaning, example, together with definition,
2. Data's originality,
3. Need of adjustment,
4. Data sources,
5. Type of data,
6. Methods used to collect data,
7. Obtained data's reliability,
8. The fourth dimension consumed,
9. Need of blogspot.com//search?q=essential-qualities-of-good-field">investigator,
10. Cost effectiveness,
11. When are the information collected?
12. Capability to solve a problem,
13. Suitability to run across the requirement,
14. Bias or personal prejudice,
15. Who collects the data? And
16. Precaution earlier using the data.

Now let's compare primary together with secondary information on the to a higher house 16 points.

1. Meaning, example, together with definition

Primary information are fresh (new) information collected for the kickoff fourth dimension yesteryear a researcher himself for a special purpose. It is a unique, first-hand together with qualitative information non published before. It is collected systematically from its house or source of source yesteryear the researcher himself or his appointed agents. It is obtained initially every bit a outcome of research efforts taken yesteryear a researcher (and his team) alongside roughly objective inwards mind. It helps to solve sure enough problems concerned alongside whatever domain of selection or sphere of interest. Once it is used upward for whatever required purpose, its master copy grapheme is lost, together with it turns into secondary data.

One must banking concern annotation that, fifty-fifty if the information is originally collected yesteryear somebody else from its source for his study, but never used together with therefore the collected information is called primary data. However, ane time used it turns into secondary data.

Imagine, y'all are visiting an unexplored cave to investigate together with subsequently recording its infinitesimal details to publish, is an illustration of primary information collection.

Wessel's Definition of primary data,

“Data originally collected inwards the physical care for of investigation are known every bit primary data.”

Secondary data, on the other hand, are information already collected yesteryear others or somebody else together with subsequently used yesteryear a researcher (or investigator) to respond their questions inwards hand. Hence, it is likewise called second-hand data. It is a ready-made, quantitative information obtained generally from dissimilar published sources similar companies' reports, statistics published yesteryear government, etc. Here the required information is extracted from already known plant of others (e.g. Published yesteryear a dependent champaign scholar or an organization, authorities agency, etc.). It is readily available to a researcher at his desk or house of work.

Assume, y'all are preparing a brief study on your country's population for which y'all receive got reference of the census published yesteryear government, is an illustration of secondary information collection.

Sir Wessel, defined secondary information inwards uncomplicated words as,

“Data collected yesteryear other persons are called secondary data.”

Another Definition of secondary information inwards words of M. M. Blair,

“Secondary information are those which are already inwards existence together with collected for roughly other purpose than the answering of the inquiry inwards hand.”

2. Data's originality

Primary information are collected yesteryear a researcher (or investigator) at the house or source of its origin. These are master copy or unique information.

A researcher (or investigator) does the collection of secondary information from already existing plant of others. These are neither originals nor unique information.

3. Need of adjustment

The primary information collection is done to attain roughly fixed objective, together with obtained alongside roughly focus inwards mind. Hence, it doesn't demand whatever prior adjustment earlier getting used to satisfy the purpose of an inquiry.

Secondary information collected are genuinely the operate of someone else done for roughly other purposes. It is non focused to run across the objective of the researcher. As a result, it needs to hold out properly adjusted together with arranged earlier making its actual use. Only after proper adjustment, it tin hold out accustomed to roughly extend for achieving the aim of a researcher.

4. Data sources

Primary information are collected systematically through next activities:

1. By conducting surveys,
2. Taking in-depth interviews of respondents (These are individuals who give necessary information to the interviewer),
3. Through experimentation,
4. By direct observations,
5. Ethnographic research (It primarily involves the study of an ethnic grouping of people together with their respective culture),
6. Focus groups,
7. Participatory research, etc.

The collection of secondary information is from internal together with external published sources.

Internal sources of secondary information are:

1. Company's accounts,
2. Sales figures,
3. Reports together with records,
4. Promotional campaigns' data,
5. Customers' feedback,
6. Cost information,
7. blogspot.com//search?q=essential-qualities-of-good-field">Marketing activities, therefore on.

External sources of secondary information include:

1. Data published yesteryear country's central, province together with local governments,
2. Data fifty-fifty published yesteryear unusual governments,
3. Publications released yesteryear international organizations (like the IMF, WHO, ILO, UNO, WWF, etc.) together with their subsidiary bodies,
4. Reports prepared yesteryear diverse commissions together with other appointed committees,
5. Results of research operate published yesteryear research institutions, universities, dependent champaign scholars, economists, etc.,
6. Books, newspapers, together with magazines,
7. Reports together with journals of merchandise unions, industries, together with occupation organisation associations,
8. Information released yesteryear a fundamental bank, stock exchanges, etc.,
9. Public libraries,
10. Archives, Directories, Databases, together with Indexes,
11. Old historical records,
12. Online websites, blogs, together with forums.

Note: Sometimes, though rarely, fifty-fifty unpublished information however available inwards utilisation records tin likewise hold out used for secondary data.

5. Type of data

Primary information render qualitative data. It agency it gives information on subjective quality-related features similar look, feel, taste, lightness, heaviness, etc., of whatever object or phenomenon nether research or inquiry.

On the contrary, secondary data, render quantitative data. In other words, it gives information close an object or trial inwards a numerical, statistical together with tabulated shape similar inwards percentages, lists, tables, etc.

6. Methods used to collect data

Methods used to collect primary information are every bit follows:

1. Observation, experimentation together with interview method,
2. The direct personal investigation,
3. The indirect oral-investigation,
4. Information collected through schedules together with questionnaires (sets of questions) via enumerator's (a survey personnel involved inwards counting together with listing) method together with mailing method,
5. Information obtained from correspondents or local sources,
6. Some other kid methods:
   1. The analysis of the content,
   2. Consumer panels,
   3. Use of mechanical devices,
   4. Pantry audits,
   5. Distributor or shop audits,
   6. Projective Techniques (PT),
   7. Warranty cards, etc.

The primary methods used to collect secondary information are:

1. Desk research methods,
2. Search on the Internet,
3. Going through media generated yesteryear consumers together with their groups, therefore on.

7. Obtained data's reliability

Primary information are to a greater extent than reliable than secondary data. It is because primary information are collected yesteryear doing master copy research together with non through secondary sources that may dependent champaign to roughly errors or discrepancies together with may fifty-fifty comprise out-dated information.

Secondary information are less reliable than primary data. It is so, since, based on research operate done yesteryear others together with non yesteryear the researcher himself. Here, verification of published information cannot hold out ever confirmed accurately every bit all references used may non hold out available or mentioned inwards detail.

8. The fourth dimension consumed

Reliability of primary information comes at the expense of fourth dimension it consumes. It is because its collection goes through the next steps:

1. First, the researcher makes a sample (i.e. List of respondents to approach).
2. Then he prepares a questionnaire (i.e. Containing a laid of questions to hold out asked to respondents).
3. Later, he appoints together with trains a squad of champaign interviewers who are supposed to interview the respondents.
4. Finally, the researcher has to analyze the collected information yesteryear interviewers together with pull a conclusion from it.

Accomplishment of the to a higher house physical care for is non a quick task, is a time-consuming one.

On the contrary, collection of secondary information consumes less fourth dimension compared to primary data. It is because secondary information collection is generally made without interviews every bit follows:

1. Here, a researcher relies heavily on ready-made information together with collects it from internal together with external published sources (see the indicate no.4).
2. He depends on already analyzed together with concluded information yesteryear someone else to instruct an agreement of his dependent champaign topic or research interest.
3. He doesn't waste matter fourth dimension appointing champaign interviewers together with waiting for their data.

He saves his precious operate hours, and, every bit a result, it takes him less fourth dimension to collect secondary data.

9. Need of investigator

Collection of primary information needs availability of trained researchers or investigators. Further, they likewise demand to hold out adequately supervised together with controlled.

If the availability of trained investigators together with toll involved inwards hiring them is a problem, together with therefore inwards such a case, secondary methods of information collection are recommended. Its information collection doesn't demand to hire them.

10. Cost effectiveness

Primary information collection needs the appointment of a squad that mainly comprises of researchers, champaign interviewers, information analysts, therefore on. Hiring of these experts together with other additional costs, demands to a greater extent than funds to hold out allocated to consummate research operate on time. For this reason, it is a costly affair.

The secondary information collection doesn't require the appointment of such a team. Here, since no experts hired, toll is minimized. As a result, it is real economical.

11. When are the information collected?

Collection of primary information starts when secondary information seems insufficient to solve problems associated alongside the research. The researcher kickoff uses secondary data, if he finds that collected information from secondary sources, is inadequate, alone together with therefore decides to collect primary data.

The secondary information collection is the priority together with economical selection for most researchers to solve an identified occupation or respond objects of inquiry. Here, most information extraction is done together with if roughly information is unavailable alone together with therefore a determination to acquit primary research is taken.

12. Capability to solve a problem

Primary information are fresh (new), master copy (unique), to a greater extent than accurate (almost correct), verified (confirmed), satisfies a requirement (as needed), up-to-date together with electrical current (latest). It gives the required information. For this reason, it is to a greater extent than capable of solving a problem.

Secondary data, on the other hand, may hold out less accurate or riddled alongside errors or discrepancies, non straight related (inconsistent) together with fifty-fifty outdated (not latest). It gives alone supporting together with non the required information. As a result, it is less capable of solving a problem.

13. Suitability to run across the requirement

Primary information are suitable to run across the objects of research because these are collected using systematic methods.

Collection of secondary information may or may non fulfill the actual requirement of a researcher.

14. Bias or personal prejudice

There is a possibility of personal prejudice or bias creeping inwards spell collecting primary information because of the direct involvement of an investigator.

The possibility of prejudice is absent inwards secondary information because the information is non collected at kickoff mitt and, for this reason, is non subjected to whatever bias.

15. Who collects the data?

A researcher (an investigator) or his appointed agents collect the primary data.

Anyone, other than those who get together primary information collects secondary data.

16. Precaution earlier using the data

The primary information collection is done systematically yesteryear a researcher himself or his agents every bit instructed alongside smashing care, requirement, planning, arrangement together with followed yesteryear verification of the obtained information. It is less probable that such a well-processed information is dependent champaign to errors.

For this reason, no extra precautions are necessary spell using primary data.

On the other hand, secondary data, since collected yesteryear others for dissimilar purposes may hold out inconsistent (not every bit required), outdated, unverified, subjected to whatever errors or mistakes, etc. As a result, immense aid must hold out taken spell ane is considering using it. If used without precaution, it may receive got an adverse impact on the character of one's research together with touching on its credibility to a smashing extent.

Conclusion

We tin conclude that whatever information rest data, whether termed every bit a primary or secondary. What classifies it from ane roughly other is the flat of detachment from its source together with how it is beingness collected (whether every bit first-hand or second-hand) together with used.

Any information locomote primary if it is kickoff gathered yesteryear collecting agency, together with the same information becomes secondary if it is used subsequently yesteryear the residuum of the world.

For example, information collected yesteryear an election commission are primary for it, together with the same laid of information is secondary for all except it.

Thus, Secrist lucidly describes this every bit follows,

“The distinction betwixt primary together with secondary information is ane of the degrees. Data primary inwards the hands of ane political party may hold out secondary inwards the hands of others.”

References (10)

References used together with suggested reading for deeper understanding:

1. Research Methodology: Methods together with Techniques; yesteryear C. R. Kothari.
2. Research Methodology: Data Presentation; yesteryear physician Y. K. Singh.
3. Research Methodology: yesteryear physician C. Rajendar Kumar.
4. Research Methodology together with Statistical Analysis (for M. Com); yesteryear S.C. Aggarwal together with S.K. Khurana.
5. Statistics for Economics together with Indian economical development; For Class 11; yesteryear T. R. Jain together with V. K. Ohri.
6. Statistics for Economics; Class 11; yesteryear physician D. P. Jain.
7. International Business; 4^th Edition; yesteryear Les Dlabay, James Scott.
8. Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation; 5^th Edition; By Naresh K. Malhotra together with Satya Bhushan Dash.
9. Marketing Research: Methodological Foundations; 10^th Edition; yesteryear Gilbert A. Churchill, Jr together with Dawn Iacobucci.
10. Office Organization together with Management; 2^nd Edition; yesteryear S. P. Arora.