Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
It was inwards 1943 a Psychologist Mr. Abraham Harold Maslow suggested his Theory of Human Motivation. His theory is i pop in addition to extensively cited theory of motivation. Maslow's theory is based on the Hierarchy of Human Needs. According to Maslow, human behaviour is related to his needs. It is adjusted as per the nature of needs to live satisfied. In hierarchy of needs theory, Maslow identified 5 types / sets of human remove arranged inwards a hierarchy of their importance in addition to priority. He concluded that when i gear upward of needs is satisfied, it ceases to live a motivating factor. Thereafter, the side past times side gear upward of needs inwards the hierarchy gild takes its place. These needs inwards hierarchy tin live compared to a pyramid. At the lowest level, at that spot volition live showtime gear upward of needs which tin live described as basic needs in addition to are universal inwards character. This volition live followed past times other sets of needs.
Assumptions inwards Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Maslow's Assumptions inwards Hierarchy of Needs Theory are :-
- Man is a wanting being, i.e. his wants are growing continuously fifty-fifty when about wants are satisfied. Human needs are of varied in addition to diversified nature. They tin live arranged inwards a hierarchy of importance progressing from a lower to a higher gild of needs.
- Needs direct maintain a definite hierarchy of importance. As shortly as needs on a lower degree are fulfilled, those on the side past times side degree volition emerge in addition to demand satisfaction. This suggests that staff of life (food) is essential in addition to is a principal remove of every individual. According to Maslow, "Man lives past times staff of life lonely when at that spot is no bread." However, he feels the other needs when his physiological needs are fulfilled. In brief, staff of life is of import but human being does non alive past times staff of life alone. There are other needs (security / safety, social, esteem in addition to self actualisation which influence behaviour of people (employees) to work. This is the basic characteristic of Maslow's remove hierarchy. Attention to all human needs is essential for motivation of employees. Attention to the provision of staff of life lonely is non adequate for motivating employees. Bread tin deed as motivating component division when at that spot is no staff of life but when it is available, its role as motivator comes to an end. Here, other motivators (e.g. security of job, social status, etc.) volition direct maintain to live introduced for motivating employees. Attention to other needs such as security needs, social needs, esteem needs in addition to self actualisation needs is every bit of import in addition to essential for the motivation of dissimilar categories of employees. Maslow, inwards his theory, has referred to dissimilar needs in addition to suggested that attending needs to live given to all such needs as attending to physiological needs lonely is non adequate for motivating employees. According to Maslow, "Man does non alive past times staff of life alone". This determination of Maslow is a practical reality in addition to needs to live given adequate attending spell motivating employees.
- A satisfied remove does non deed as a motivator.
- As i remove is satisfied, about other replaces it.
Maslow's Pyramid of Human Needs
Maslow's Pyramid of Human Needs is shown inwards the next diagram.
The Maslow's Pyramid of Human Needs is explained below :-
- Physiological Needs : Physiological needs are the basic needs for sustaining human life. These needs include food, shelter, clothing, rest, air, water, slumber in addition to sexual satisfaction. These basic human needs (also called biological needs) prevarication at the lowest degree inwards the hierarchy of needs as they direct maintain priority over all other needs. These needs cannot live postponed for long. Unless in addition to until these basic physiological needs are satisfied to the required extent, other needs produce non motivate an employee. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 hungry person, for example, is only non inwards a seat to intend of anything else except his hunger or food. According to Maslow, 'man lives past times staff of life alone,' when at that spot is no bread. The management attempts to see such physiological needs through fair wages.
- Security / Safety Needs : These are the needs connected amongst the psychological fearfulness of loss of job, property, natural calamities or hazards, etc. An employee wants protection from such types of fear. He prefers adequate security or security inwards this regard i.e. protection from physical danger, security of job, pension for erstwhile age, insurance encompass for life, etc. The security needs come upward later coming together the physiological needs. Such physiological needs lose their motivational potential when they are satisfied. As a result, security needs supersede them. They laid about to manifest themselves in addition to dominate human behavior. Safety needs deed as motivational forces only if they are unsatisfied.
- Social Needs : An employee is a human beingness is rightly treated as a social animal. He desires to remain inwards group. He feels that he should belong to i or the other grouping in addition to the fellow member of the grouping should bring him amongst dearest in addition to affection. Every somebody desires to live affiliated to such groups. This is treated as basic social remove of an individual. He too feels that he should live loved past times the other members. He needs friends in addition to interaction amongst his friends in addition to superiors of the grouping such as boyfriend employees or superiors. Social needs occupy 3rd seat inwards the hierarchy of needs.
- Esteem Needs : This category of needs include the remove to live respected past times others, remove to live appreciated past times others, remove to direct maintain mightiness in addition to live on prestigious position. Once the previous needs are satisfied, a somebody feels to live held inwards esteem both past times himself in addition to too past times others. Thus, esteem needs are 2 crease inwards nature. Self esteem needs include those for self confidence, self-respect, competence, etc. The mo groups of esteem needs are those related to one's status, reputation, recognition in addition to appreciation past times others. This is a type of personal ego which needs to live satisfied. The Organisation tin satisfy this remove (ego) past times giving recognition to the skilful operate of employees. Esteem needs produce non assume the motivational properties unless the previous needs are satisfied.
- Self-actualisation Needs : This is the highest amid the needs inwards the hierarchy of needs advocated past times Maslow. Self actualisation is the wish to perish what i is capable of becoming. It is a 'growth' need. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 worker must operate efficiently if he is to live ultimately happy. Here, a somebody feels that he should accomplish something inwards his fife. He wish to utilize his potentials to the maximum extent in addition to desires to perish what i is capable of becoming. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 somebody desires to direct maintain challenges in addition to achieves something especial inwards his life or inwards the expanse of his specialization. Though every i is capable of self-actualization, many produce non hit this stage. This remove is fully satisfied rarely.
Limitations of Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Maslow's theory of motivation (Hierarchy of Needs Theory) is real pop all over the globe in addition to provides guidelines to managers / managements for motivating employees. However, Maslow's theory has many limitations.
Limitations of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory are noted below :-
- Maslow's theory is over simplified in addition to is based on human needs only. There is lack of straight motility in addition to outcome human relationship betwixt remove in addition to behavior.
- The theory has to refer to other motivating factors similar expectations, experience in addition to perception.
- Needs of all employees are non uniform. Many are satisfied only amongst physiological needs in addition to security of employment.
- The designing of hierarchy of needs as suggested past times Maslow may non live applicable uniformly to all categories of employees.
- Maslow's supposition of 'need hierarchy' does non concur skilful inwards the nowadays historic menstruum as each somebody has enough of needs to live satisfied, which may non necessarily follow Maslow's remove hierarchy.
- Maslow's theory is widely accepted but at that spot is petty empirical show to back upward it. It is largely tentative in addition to untested. His writings are to a greater extent than philosophical than scientific.
Importance of Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Although Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory has been criticised on to a higher house grounds, however it holds many advantages or merits. It helps the managers to empathise the behaviour of their employees. It too helps the managers to render the correct fiscal in addition to non-financial motivation to their employees. This overall helps to increase the efficiency, productivity in addition to profitability of the organisation.
